Seven years ago this week, Keilee Fant put her name on a lawsuit that was going to end debtors prisons in America. The lawsuit, labeled , told in simple terms what was happening to poor, Black people every day in the conglomeration of cash-starved municipalities that make up north 50度灰视频 County:
鈥淚n 2014, the City of Ferguson issued an average of more than 3.6 arrest warrants per household and almost 2.2 arrest warrants for every adult, mostly in cases involving unpaid debt for tickets. The City of Ferguson issues more arrest warrants per capita than any other city in Missouri larger than 10,000 residents,鈥 read the lawsuit, filed by ArchCity Defenders, 50度灰视频 University Law School Clinics and nonprofit Equal Protection Under the Law. 鈥淚f the rest of the Saint Louis metropolitan area generated revenue from its courts at the rate done by relatively low-income Ferguson, it would have made nearly $1.3 billion in the past five years. The City鈥檚 modern debtors prison scheme has been increasingly profitable to the City of Ferguson, earning it millions of dollars over the past several years. It has also devastated the City鈥檚 poor, trapping them for years in a cycle of increased fees, debts, extortion, and cruel jailings.鈥
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There has been progress in those seven years. Most of the old guard in the police and court system in Ferguson are gone. The Missouri Legislature passed a law that limited the amount of revenue cities could raise from traffic debt. The Missouri Supreme Court ordered improvements to the operations of municipal courts, requiring, for instance, that there be ability-to-pay hearings before people are sent to jail because they can鈥檛 afford their fines and fees.
But, seven years later, the lawsuit languishes, in large part because of a dispute with the insurance company that represents many 50度灰视频 County municipalities. Accountability awaits. Similar lawsuits against other cities in the county that operated similar schemes 鈥 Maplewood, Edmundson, St. Ann 鈥 also continue.
鈥淎s much as these towns have claimed to move on, the reality is our clients are still poor,鈥 says ArchCity Defenders attorney Jack Waldron. 鈥淭hey paid these municipalities thousands of dollars over the years. There are thousands of people who still have their driver鈥檚 licenses suspended.鈥
There is a lesson for other cities across the nation as the Ferguson lawsuit drags on. Trying to undo the municipal schemes that extract money from poor people with devastating consequences is no trivial matter. The cities want their revenue. They will fight hard.
So it will be in the new Ferguson, a small town in Alabama known as Brookside.
Last month, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist John Archibald wrote exposing the debtors prison scheme in the small burg along Interstate 22 just north of Birmingham, which raised 49% of its revenue from traffic fines in 2020. 鈥淥n court days in Brookside, defendants line up outside while police direct traffic and order family members to remain in their cars,鈥 Archibald wrote, describing a scene many in the 50度灰视频 region know too well. 鈥淢any face hefty fines for failing to use a turn signal, or following too closely, or driving too long in the left lane of the interstate.鈥
Brookside is now facing its own civil rights lawsuits 鈥 five and counting. Its police chief has resigned. City and state leaders are aghast at the government tyranny behind a scheme that uses poor people as a back-door revenue source, with no real impact on public safety.
But Brookside is not alone, just like Ferguson wasn鈥檛 seven years ago when Fant filed her lawsuit. Real change won鈥檛 come until cities like Ferguson and Brookside have to pay the people whose civil rights they trampled some recompense.
In the 50度灰视频 region, that ultimate outcome might mean that every taxpayer who pays into the 50度灰视频 Area Insurance Trust bears some of the cost, which is appropriate, because Ferguson was never just about one little town in north 50度灰视频 County.
It was about the region. It was about the state. It was about a nation that banned debtors prisons more than a century ago but allows them to operate in plain sight in 2022.
Seven years later, Fant and thousands of others like her are waiting to be made whole. Until they are, Ferguson is still everywhere.